IBM's Deep Blue Beat Kasparov With a 200 MHz Pentium Pro
IBM spent millions building a custom 30-processor cluster just to beat Garry Kasparov at chess in 1996. But here's what keeps nagging at me: a single 200 MHz Pentium Pro from 1995, the kind you could buy off a shelf for $1,325, probably would have done the job. No specialized hardware. No IBM research lab. Just a smarter engine running on a machine that cost roughly $3,000 with memory and peripherals. We tend to remember Deep Blue's victory as a triumph of brute force over human intuition. Thirty processors working in parallel to out-calculate the human mind. But the hardware might have been beside the point. Grandmasters don't actually calculate more moves than amateurs during a game. They just evaluate the positions better. So if the raw processing power wasn't what made Deep Blue win, what was? Which raises the real question: if a desktop from 1995 could have beaten Kasparov, what does that actually say about where chess engines get their strength? Deep Bl...